M-Series Generational Gains
How much faster is each generation of Apple Silicon? These charts track CPU, GPU, neural engine, efficiency, and die-size trends across the M-series family. Data comes from Geekbench 6 averages and published specifications. Each bar is annotated with the percentage gain over the previous generation.
Also available: A-Series Generational Gains
Base-tier M-series chips (M1 through M5) compared in a consistent form factor. CPU and GPU scores use the top base-chip configuration (e.g. M4 with 10 CPU / 10 GPU cores). Efficiency is estimated as Geekbench 6 single-core score per watt at the MacBook Air's ~15 W thermal envelope.
Data sources & methodology
- CPU scores — Geekbench 6 averages from browser.geekbench.com.
- GPU Raster — Geekbench 6 Metal compute score.
- GPU RT — Relative score. M3 is the baseline (100). M1/M2 lacked hardware ray tracing. Gains based on Apple's published claims and independent benchmarks.
- Power Efficiency — Single-core score divided by estimated sustained power draw (15 W for fanless MacBook Air).
- Die Size — Published die area in mm² from teardown reports and Apple disclosures. M5 is estimated.
- Neural Engine — Peak TOPS as published by Apple.