Machine Learning & AI on Apple Silicon

For on-device ML inference, Neural Engine TOPS is the headline number—it determines how quickly models like Stable Diffusion or local LLMs generate output. For training and fine-tuning, unified memory size is often the bottleneck: larger models need more RAM, and Apple Silicon's unified architecture lets the GPU and NPU share the full pool. Memory bandwidth governs how fast weights move through the system, directly impacting tokens-per-second for LLM inference.

Laptops

The M5 Max delivers 61 NPU TOPS and up to 128 GB of unified memory with 614 GB/s bandwidth—enough to run 70B-parameter LLMs on a laptop. The M5 Pro is a practical choice for models up to ~30B parameters. The base M5 handles smaller models and inference workloads well but tops out at 32 GB.

Desktops

For larger models and training workloads, desktop Macs offer more memory headroom. The M3 Ultra in the Mac Studio supports up to 256 GB unified memory. If your models fit in 128 GB, the M4 Max delivers better per-TOPS performance at a lower price. The M4 in the iMac and Mac mini is suitable for inference on smaller models (up to ~13B parameters).